Call Chile from North America

Calling Chile from North America is a straightforward exercise.

Steps

Dial 011, the international access code.
Dial the country code for Chile, 56.
Dial the city code (which is like an area code) for the city you wish to call. For example, 02 is the city code for Santiago. Do not dial the "0" if you call Santiago, only dial 2 as the city code.
Dial the rest of the number.
If you are calling to a cell phone number, you will have to use 9 instead of the city code, and the rest of the number.

Consider using Skype, or other web based calling programs if you call Chile a lot.
From the US, using a local call number calling from the DC metro are and major US cities, www.icallplus.com offers the best card deal to Chile land lines so far at USD $0.010 per minute.
Remember that Viña del Mar/Valparaiso (and all code 32) and Concepcion (all code 41) have just added a 2 in front of all of their numbers.
Vonage offers USD $0.06 p/m. with their basic service plan. They also offer the Enhanced World Plan that includes Unlimited Calling to Chile, among other countries, for a monthly fee.
Google Voice offers USD $0.03 p/m to landlines, $0.15 p/m to mobiles, and $0.52 p/m to rural numbers.
If you know a better offer, please share.

Calling a cell phone costs more than calling a landline with most (if not all) phone carriers.
Remember that if you have a service with international calling, but it is not on, this will not work.EX. Optimum Voice without international calling won't work with this.