Identify Flint

Flint, also known as chert, is a type of sedimentary rock that has many uses. It was once commonly used to form rudimentary tools like knives and spear tips. Flint is often used by outdoorsmen to create sparks for a fire when it is struck against hardened steel. Knowing how to find a piece of flint can come in handy when you're in the wild. Whether you're looking for artifacts or a way to start a fire, identifying flint isn't as hard as you think. But it only occurs where there was an ocean at one time. Chalk deposits are a dead giveaway to the existence of flint. You won't find flint in the North East U.S. But it is very common in the South East and Mid West. Quartz is a metamorphic rock and can be used like flint to start fires. Agate in the Mid West can also be used like flint.

Steps

Locating Flint

1. Choose an area nearby to search. It might seem like flint is difficult to find, but you generally just need to know where to look. In some areas, like the Ozarks of Missouri, you can find chert lying all over the ground. That is because flint and chert are hard, durable rocks that are so resistant to weathering they remain intact long after the surrounding rocks have weathered away into the soil.
   • You can search along the freshwater shores or riverbeds. Flint is very durable and resistant to chemicals, so it often collects in the remaining soils as surrounding carbonate rocks erode. While rocks like limestone erode and fine soil is carried downstream, small pebble deposits of flint and chert collect along the shores.
   • Try other locations where there is a large variety of rocks present, such as a construction site or along a gravel road. Many times rocks are harvested from riverbeds for construction from all over so you might be surprised to find chert or flint pebbles just down the block.
2. Learn the history of your area. If you live near an area that was once populated by tribes of Native Americans, you might have a good chance of locating flint fragments around that area.
   • Flint was an ideal choice for creating tools and weapons. Flint can be made to form a blade that is actually sharper than steel, with a tip that is just the width of a few molecules. If you find an arrowhead or sharp rock near a old tribal ground, you found some flint.
3. Look for flint nodules in larger rocks. Flint often forms as nodules inside pieces of chalk or limestone. So in addition to looking for pieces of flint, look for larger rocks that may contain several pieces of flint. Bust them open and see what you find.
   • Look for discolorations on a piece of limestone. Usually flint or chert nodules will be a slightly darker shade than the surrounding limestone. You can break these pieces out with the use of some tools and collect the flint.
   • Grab an iron hammer and bust open some smaller rocks. If you notice some sparks when the hammer contacts the rock, there is likely some flint or quartz inside.

Spotting Flint Properties

1. Notice the color of the rock. Flint will likely appear black or dark gray. This is the only physical difference between flint and chert. Chert doesn't have a particular identifying color, but it usually appears in a combination of a few different shades depending on the other minerals that are present. Shades of maroon, tan, yellow, white or occasionally a deep blue are all common among types of chert. Sometimes these colors may form bands along the surface.
   • Other types of quartz to learn to identify that can also be used in place of flint could be carnelian, agate, bloodstone, jade and chalcedony.
   • Surrounding rocks can impact the appearance of flints. When flints are buried in chalk, a white patina or film can form over the flint.
2. Look for flint in various shapes. Flint can be found in natural occurring nodules or as a fragment that has been worked into a shape.
   • Flint nodules can appear in various smooth, rounded shapes embedded in chalk or limestone. When you find flint that has been embedded in a chalk bed, it is common to find an imprint of shells cast into the surface.
   • Look for rocks that have been split like broken glass. Flint fractures differently from many crystals. When the pieces come apart the tend to look like glass shards, with curves and sharper edges.
   • In addition to looking for natural nodules of flint, be sure to look for flint that has been worked into a shape. You can control the way flint splits easier than other rocks, which is another reason why people used to used flint to shape tools and weapons. Sometimes flint may have edges that seem to have been chipped away or have a point, indicating they have been used as a tool.
3. Look for a glossy surface on the rock. Flint often displays a natural, glassy luster. If it was just broken, the luster may seem dull and somewhat waxy to the touch. You can usually rub away or sand this cortex to reveal more of the surface luster.
4. Test the hardness of the stone. If you have a glass bottle, try to scratch it with the sharp edge of the flint. If the rock is strong enough to scratch glass, it is as hard as flint.
   • Be careful when striking glass with a rock. Using gloves to protect your hands is a good idea.
5. Take out a striker made of carbon steel and strike it against the stone. If sparks fly after several attempts, then you might have a piece of flint.
   • The "sparks" produced are actually just the tiny fragments of iron breaking off the iron surface. The sudden exposure to air generates a rapid oxidization where the fragment can not dissipate the heat as fast as it generates it. The spark is only a glowing piece of freshly exposed iron.
   • If the rock doesn't have a very sharp edge, you will want to create one to test for sparks. To check the inside of a rock use a larger rock as a hammer to flake of pieces from the thinnest end of the rock.
   • When striking your flint of metal, make sure the stone is dry, as a damp stone may not produce sparks.
   • Other rocks, such as quartz, that have a hardness of seven on the Mohs Scale of Hardness will create sparks when struck against a carbon metal. If you are only looking for a rock which you can use to create sparks and start a fire, try learning what other rock types will also do the job.

Tips

• Use a carbon steel knife with the flint, a knife made of a stainless material won't work.

Warnings

• You may want to look for flints while wearing cloth or leather gloves. Your hands will easily become covered with dirt, and the sharp edges of stones or glass fragments may cut your hands.

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Sources and Citations

See also

• Start a Charcoal Fire With a Chimney Starter
• Make Fire Without Matches or a Lighter
• Make a Lighter
• Start a Fire with Sticks
• Make Tinder for a Fire
• Build a Fire
• Make Waterproof Matches
• Make Torches
• Build a Campfire
• Create Fire With a Magnifying Glass

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