Remember Henry VIII's Wives

Henry VIII (1491-1547) ruled England from 1509 until his death in 1547. Despite many achievements in foreign policy, religion, and the arts, he is best remembered for having an unusually large number of wives: six in total.[1] All that annulling, death, and remarriage was historically significant, too: in the process of annulling his first marriage, Henry VIII brought the Protestant Reformation to England.[2] Luckily, there are several tricks for keeping all of Henry’s queens straight.

Steps

Remembering through Rhyme

  1. Learn the rhyme that tells the queens’ fates. “Divorced, beheaded, died; Divorced, beheaded, survived.” This ditty has been memorized by generations of British schoolchildren.[3]
    • It is not strictly accurate. The marriages to Catherine of Aragon and Anne of Cleves legally ended in annulment, not divorce. And both Anne of Cleves and Katherine Parr survived the king, in the sense of outliving him.
  2. Rhyme “wedded” with “beheaded.” Another poem runs: “King Henry VIII, to six wives he was wedded. One died, one survived, two divorced, two beheaded.” [4]
    • This version is inaccurate in the use of the term divorced, which should really be annulled. It also doesn’t tell you the order of the queens. However, it has a catchy meter and is easy to remember.
  3. Rhyme the queens’ first names. “Kate and Anne and Jane, and Anne and Kate (again, again!)”[5] For this poem, it helps to adopt an English accent, so that Jane rhymes with again. Note that “again, again” is a reminder that there are two “Kates” at the end of the list: Catherine Howard followed by Katherine Parr.

Remembering through Initials and Names

  1. Remember the queens’ names through their last initials. The most widely cited version runs: All Boys Should Come Home Please. If you remember this, you can remember: Aragon Boleyn Seymour Cleves Howard Parr.
  2. Remember the initials by connecting them with history. This version runs: A Big Secret Concealing Her Past. It is easy to remember because of all the drama connected with the lives – and deaths – of Henry’s wives. Think about Anne Boleyn scheming to rise the ranks in the palace and get close to the king. Or imagine Catherine Howard, cousin to the dead Anne, carrying on her affair behind the king’s back.
  3. Use a phrase that sounds like the queens’ names. This is a rarer mnemonic but a good one: Arrogant Anne Seemed More Clever at How to Catch the Ring. Arrogant sounds like Aragon; Anne is Anne Boleyn; Seemed More sounds like Seymour; Clever is like Cleves; How to sounds like Howard; and Catch is like Katherine Parr. It has the benefit, too, of being historically accurate. Anne Boleyn was certainly arrogant and interested in catching the wedding ring.

Getting to Know the Six Queens

  1. Learn something about each queen. It’s much easier to remember the order and fates of Henry VIII’s wives if you know a little bit about their lives. That way, they’re real people, not just a list of names.
  2. Catherine of Aragon came from Spain to marry Henry’s brother, Arthur.[6] Arthur soon died, however. Henry and Catherine married in 1509.
    • Catherine of Aragon had one child, a daughter, who would reign as Mary I (also known as “Bloody Mary”).
    • Henry’s first marriage was also his longest, lasting from 1509 until 1533.
    • Desperate for a son, Henry sought an annulment, claiming that the marriage was invalid because Catherine had been married to Arthur. When the pope refused, Henry broke with the Catholic Church, declared himself head of the church in England, and arranged for his own annulment.
  3. Anne Boleyn, already pregnant, married Henry in 1533. They had been having an affair while she served as one of Queen Catherine’s ladies in waiting.[7]
    • Anne, too, had just one child, another daughter, who would become the famous queen Elizabeth I.
    • After several miscarriages, Henry decided to end this marriage, too, on the pretext that Anne was having an affair with another man.
    • Anne was tried for treason and beheaded in 1536.
  4. Jane Seymour finally gave Henry a son. Like Anne, she had been a lady-in-waiting who caught the king’s eye.[8]
    • In 1537, she gave birth to Edward, who would reign only briefly before his early death.
    • Jane Seymour died just days after giving birth, plunging the king into grief.
  5. Anne of Cleves came from Germany to enter into a brokered diplomatic marriage in 1540. Henry found her unattractive. What was even worse, the diplomatic situation shifted and made the marriage less advantageous.[9]
    • Anne of Cleves co-operated in arranging the annulment of the marriage. She outlived Henry by a decade, dying at her castle in 1557.
  6. Catherine Howard was yet another doomed lady-in-waiting. At the age of just nineteen, she married Henry only days after his previous marriage was annulled in 1540.[10]
    • Catherine Howard was Anne Boleyn’s first cousin, and she shared her fate. She was caught having an affair with Thomas Culpepper and was beheaded for treason in 1542.
  7. Katherine Parr was Henry VIII’s last wife but only the second to outlive him. They married in 1543, just four years before the king’s death.[11]
    • Learned and pious, Katherine sought to reinforce the Protestant Reformation.
    • Katherine was the first woman and Queen of England to publish a book under her own name. She would publish another after the death of King Henry.
    • She remarried after his death to Sir Thomas Seymour; uncle to King Edward VI.
    • After giving birth to her only child, christened Lady Mary (after her royal stepsister), Katherine died five days later on September 5th, 1548.
    • Katherine's tomb at Sudeley Castle, which features an elaborate effigy, is the most ornate tomb out of all of Henry's wives.

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Sources and Citations

  1. ↑ http://www.royal.gov.uk/historyofthemonarchy/kingsandqueensofengland/thetudors/henryviii.aspx
  2. ↑ http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/henry-viii
  3. ↑ http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Henry-VIII/
  4. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/16/arts/television-review-getting-to-know-henry-viii-s-women.html
  5. ↑ http://www.eudesign.com/mnems/henry8.htm
  6. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/catherine_of_aragon/
  7. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/anne_boleyn/
  8. ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wnet/sixwives/meet/js_handbook_children.html
  9. ↑ http://www.history.co.uk/biographies/anne-of-cleves
  10. ↑ http://www.history.co.uk/biographies/catherine-howard
  11. ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wnet/sixwives/meet/cp_handbook_main.html

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