Turn Milk to Stone

Crafts makers may find "milk-stone" great, inexpensive fun. Have fun with plastic/stone. Called Galalith, galalithite, or Erinoid (in UK) or "milk stone", invented in 1898 and used up through the 1930s as plastic or stone to make buttons, jewelry, home or office accessories. This natural polymer paste, plastic has many good qualities: it is simple, nontoxic, once hardened: anti-allergenic, biodegradable, antistatic.

Steps

  1. Measure a cup of nonfat milk into a pan (could make butter from raw whole-milk, then use the whey for this project) to experiment with and warm it until it is simmering; stir to avoid scorching; allow a little foaming around the edges. Avoid excess foaming from overheating. Or, warm it in a bowl in a microwave simmering (start lower and add more time, up to about two minutes, as necessary depending on your microwave).[1]
  2. Pour in 1 tablespoon of vinegar using measuring spoon, stir and wait for the reaction. What is happening is that the acid in the vinegar (5% ascetic acid) is reacting with substances in the milk.
  3. Add foil strips or other decorative material to the batch while stirring it.
  4. Add dye, for streaking it in the wet casein plastic (stone) or can dye surface later.
    • Or, stir in thoroughly for consistent coloring.
  5. Cool it carefully to be comfortable to the touch: Avoid touching or splashing the material or container while it is hot.
  6. Strain slowly to separate the coagulated, curdled-milk/casein out of the liquid (milk-whey), using a colander (do not press into colander) or such. Strain the liquid twice or more if needed (Use enough vinegar, or this would be edible cheese and whey, using just a few drops of non-toxic acidic materials).
  7. Dump the soggy casein onto paper or smooth kitchen toweling, or such (not terry cloth).
    • casein - ca·sein (kā'sēn', -sē-ĭn) n. A white, tasteless, odorless protein precipitated from cow's milk that is the basis of cheese "and is used to make plastics, adhesives, paints, and foods".[2]
  8. Fold towel and blot excess liquid. Squeeze gently.
  9. Unfold, unwrap and place the curd on an appropriate paper/wax paper and place it to dry -- perhaps cover it with an open weave cloth to keep out dust and debris.
  10. Allow the plastic (casein) to dry for a few days. This plastic is thermoset, not thermal, ie: will not dissolve due to heating.
  11. Shape/Mold it by drying in some kind of form, such as a bottle cap, for its basic shape or dry it in sheets, rod form or in other forms. It could be dried in the basic shape of jewelry and finished later.

    Dye the plastic surface by dipping or streaking it with dyes or dye could have been added in the making the wet casein plastic(s) and streak two or more colors, etc.: color throughout, in streaks or only absorbed into the dried stone.

    Work the material when dry: It tends to warp while drying. It is brittle, does not bend once dry.

    Re-shape and finish milk-stone: carving, etching, cutting, sanding, drilling, polishing, etc. to make your item.

    Make milk-stone crafts and products: buttons, jewelry, home, bathroom or office accessories.
  12. Harden the plastic (optional) when dry by immersing it in formaldehyde and re-drying it. This is a porous material so, it goes more than surface deep.
    • This strengthens it, gives resistance to scratching and longer wear.
  13. Caution: Use adequate ventilation as formaldehyde is a known carcinogenic substance; so do not breath its vapors, protect your skin, and eyes, etc. If it is contacted, wash off affected area, ie: flush eyes for fifteen (15) minutes if splashed or contact is in eyes. If swallowed contact your medical authority for what to do, such as the Center for Poison Control for information.
  14. Finished.



Tips

  • This is a good science experiment to do at home when you have nothing else to do.
  • If you like pranks, pour the warm curds in a jug or carton, drain off whey, and let it sit to dry for a few days so that it will turn to stone/hard milk over time. The person who tries to pour the milk when you put it back in the refrigerator will find a surprise.
  • Make cheese with less acid: As a side process, if this were done with the right amount of lemon or lime, or other acidic fruit, or just drops of vinegar it would make a cheese product. Sufficient warming would cause Pasteurization for purity. You could drink the whey. Cure the cheese.
  • Consumer production was stopped by rationing in World War II and after by the appearance of synthetic plastic materials.[3]

Warnings

  • Be careful with heating and with the heated materials.
  • Formaldehyde is harmful but not uncommon as was long used for preserving lab specimens of earth worms and animals for dissecting in biology and other labs.
  • Formaldehyde may cause cancer and respiratory problems [4].

Things That You'll Need

  • Measuring cup
  • Measuring/stirring spoon
  • Milk (nonfat, fat free, skimmed)
  • Plain vinegar
  • Pan, or bowl
  • Paper or smooth cloth towel
  • Heating source
  • Drying place
  • Formaldehyde (Optional)
  • Dyes (Optional)
  • Pieces and strands of decorative material to add (Optional)

Related Articles

Sources and Citations

  1. ↑ instructables.com -- Make Homemade Plastic
  2. ↑ casein - based on The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
  3. ↑ Wikipedia.org -- Galalith (called "Erinoid" in the United Kingdom)
  4. ↑ http://www.epa.gov/iaq/formaldehyde.html#Health%20Effects

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