Use a Whole House Fan
Using a whole-house fan properly can lower heating and cooling costs, reduce indoor allergens, and freshen the atmosphere of your home. Whole-house fans work by moving hot air out through gables or vents and drawing cooler air in. Whole-house fans therefore don't work very well when the outdoor temperature is much higher than the indoor temperature or when the outdoor humidity is high. New products have temperature and humidity sensors to add comfort.
Contents
Steps
- Determine the size of the fan your home will need. Calculate the square footage of your home. Most whole-house fan manufacturers will list the capability of the fan to the square footage of your house. Some believe a complete change of the home's air should be accomplished every 3 or 4 minutes.
- Many fans include a CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) rating. The greater the CFM value, the more air it can move. Simply divide your home's cubic feet by the fan's CFM rating to result in the number of minutes to exchange the air.
- Consider that larger value CFM fans often have a larger physical size and/or higher rotational speed. As a result, they may be more noisy than lower value CFM types. Noise levels might also dictate where in the home the fan should be installed. A 2000 square foot home with {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} high ceilings will, in theory, have all the air in the house completely changed in 8 minutes with a 2000 CFM fan (and windows open in each room). Likewise, a 4000 CFM fan will do it in as little as 4 minutes!
- Here's how one arrives at those figures. A 2000 CFM fan moves 2000 cubic foot volume of air in a minute. A 2000 square foot house with an {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} high ceilings has 16,000 cubic feet of space (2,000 sq/ft area * 8 ft = 16,000 cubic feet). 16,000 cubic feet of space divided by the capacity of the fan, 2,000 cubic feet per minute, equals 8 minutes (16,000 cu/ft volume of air divided by 2,000 cu/ft of air moved per minute = 8 minutes to move that volume of air).
- Ensure that the home has at least 1.5 times the area for discharge as the opening you cut into the ceiling for the fan. The air being drawn up by the whole-house fan needs to be discharged somewhere, and you want that process to move smoothly.
- Example: a 2' X 2' opening for a fan results in 4 sq Ft. So, this 4 sq Ft X 1.5 = 6 sq Ft. Look around your attic. If you have 2 gable vents that are 1' x 2' = 2 sq Ft each, equaling only 4 sq Ft total. You probably have screens over them, so knock off 20% to 30% from 4 sq ft and you're down to around {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}. If you do not have adequate exhaust vent area, add some.
- Ridge vent, soffit vents or enlarge the existing gable end vents are ways to obtain adequate exhaust ventilation area. Deduct for any and all blockages (screens, slats, lattice, etc). Generally, 10 sq Ft of attic discharge area is more than sufficient per fan in residential applications.
- That said, only very largest of homes would require multiple fans, and that is only when many windows are open and the resulting breeze is not satisfactory. Of course, closing windows increases the air flow (CFM) through those that are left open. More on this below.
- Determine where the best intake locations are (windows or doors). These locations will have screens. Locations without screens are unsuitable. The fan should not be behind a door, but rather in a common hallway.
- Close the damper on the fireplace. If the damper is left open, outside air will be drawn down the chimney, bringing in soot and odor.
- Open only the windows that have screens in the room(s) in which you are in. A 2000 CFM whole house fan will try to move 2000 CFM of air. This fan is limited only by the fan's 2000 CFM rating and the amount of area to intake (windows) and discharge (gable & ridge vents, etc) air area. Pulling that 2000 CFM through 2 or 3 windows instead of 10 windows results in a much stronger breeze.
- Let's do the math: 2000 CFM via 10 windows = 200 CFM per window. Now, close all but the 4 windows of the rooms you're in. 2000 CFM via 4 windows = 500 CFM per window (If windows are large enough)! That's a big difference. It's this breeze that creates the evaporative cooling of the skin.
- Moving air in an unoccupied room for hours doesn't make it feel cooler than it would if you had just entered it and then opened its windows. You can turn this into cash in electric bill savings by running the fan at a lower speed with 2 or 3 open windows instead of high speed with 10+ open windows.
- Don't run the fan when no one is home, as this just wastes electricity. The instant the fan is turned on, it creates a breeze that immediately cools you down. You can't get that kind of instant relief when you turn on an air conditioner.
- Maximize your savings: Windows that are open on the shaded side of a house will bring in much cooler air than those open above a sun drenched blacktop.
- Consider adding additional vents for the attic space. Allowing hot air trapped anywhere in the attic out prevents that heat from radiating downward through the ceiling into the living space, and reduces cooling load.
- Turbine ventilators work great, but strong winds can cause a downdraft and create static pressure, which will destroy the fan's ability to exhaust the home's air.
- Under eave vents are inexpensive to buy, inexpensive to mount, and provide a great way to exhaust the air. If your house has eaves, mount as many as possible under the eaves to allow proper ventilation. This is the best way to exhaust, as the effects are twofold: The first is that hot stale attic air is exhausted out, and second, with under eave vents the air travels along the roof line and down, which provides cross-ventilation for the attic itself. These are much easier to add than a ridge vent or powered attic ventilator.
- Be safe. Have your work permitted and inspected. Most localities observe the National Electrical Code or some derivative of it. Follow your local code.
- If you insist on doing it yourself, make sure you install a service switch in the attic if it is possible to work on the fan from the attic space. An outlet nearby would probably come in handy to plug in a drop light or power tool.
Tips
- When you use the whole house fan, you also clear out your attic of harmful moisture and heat build up, which will increase the functional life of your roof.
- Screens will require regular cleaning. The screens are the functional equivalent of air filters for your home when running a whole house fan. This will require annual cleaning. Don't forget the screens in the attic space through which the air will discharge to the outside (such as the gable vents). They will also act as filters for anything that will no pass through, and over time, eventually reduce the flow of air to the outside.
- Running the fan in an unoccupied home wastes energy and money.
- A whole house fan costs pennies an hour to operate, depending on the size of the motor. It's a cost-effective alternative to air conditioning.
- Keep screens on windows to prevent insect and debris entry.
- Open windows only in the room you're in and save money by setting the fan speed to a lower value.
- Attic fans were common in the hot, southern United States before air conditioning. Air within the house was exhausted by a single powerful fan into the attic where it dispersed through the vents. This also cooled the attic. Open windows would have an inward draft. The fan noise would be in the attic. This can be emulated by propping open an attic stairway enough to allow a draft through roof mounted turbines or similar powered ventilators (if your home is so equipped) without the stairway blocking its passageway. A simple box fan can be placed in a fireplace and framed with cardboard. House air will be exhausted through the chimney.
Warnings
- More attention to filters in your home will be needed due to the increased pollen, dust, etc being drawn into the space.
- It's not a good idea for people with allergies or asthma to utilize a whole-house fan during spring, or any other time of plant and weed germination. A sudden onslaught of outdoor air can wreak havoc on allergies. Check with your doctor first. There are filters that are available for your window that you can buy to prevent such. Check operation of your gas powered hot water heater - if the whole-house fan is sucking the exhaust back down from the chimney, you need more windows open.
