Boil Milk

Boiling raw milk kills microbes and makes the milk safe to drink. Pasteurized milk is safe to drink cold, but boiling may extend its shelf life. If you just need to heat milk for cooking or to enjoy a warm cup, scalding it is faster and easier.

Steps

Boiling Milk on the Stove

1. Check whether the milk needs to be boiled. Some milk is safe to drink without boiling. Follow this guide when deciding whether to boil milk:
   • Raw milk should be boiled whenever possible.
   • Pasteurized milk should be boiled if it has been stored at room temperature. It does not need to be boiled if it's been in the refrigerator or a very cold room.
   • A sealed tetra pack with "UHT" on the label is safe to drink, even if it's been stored at room temperature. UHT stand for "ultra high temperature," a type of processing which kills all harmful microbes.
2. Pour the milk into a large, clean pot. Choose a taller pot than you need, so there's plenty of space. Milk foams up when it boils, and will often overflow from a small pot.
   • Clean the pot thoroughly, or residue might curdle your milk. If this becomes a problem, choose a pot to use only for milk.
   • Copper, aluminum, and stainless steel heat up much faster than cast iron and other heavy material. This saves time, but you'll need to pay extra close attention to prevent burning and overflow.
3. Heat the milk until it starts to bubble. Heat the milk over medium heat and give it your full attention. A shiny layer of cream will rise to the top as it heats. Eventually, small bubbles will rise up from underneath the cream, starting around the outside edge. Once this happens, reduce heat to low.
   • You may heat the milk over high heat to save time, but watch it constantly and be ready to reduce heat. Over high heat, the milk will rapidly move from the first bubbles to a rising layer of foam.
4. Stir occasionally. If your pot heats unevenly, the milk may burn in places. Stir once every couple minutes with a wooden spoon or a heat-safe spatula, scraping the bottom of the pan.
5. Break up the foam as it forms. The cream at the top of the milk traps steam as the milk boils. This steam will break up the cream into foam, which will rise rapidly and overflow out the pot. Respond quickly to prevent this:
   • Reduce heat until the milk bubbles at a steady rate.
   • Stir constantly to break up the foam.
   • Leave the utensil in the pot (optional). This breaks up the cream surface, creating a gap for steam to escape through. Just make sure the utensil can handle prolonged heat without burning.
6. Boil for two or three minutes, stirring constantly. This is long enough to make your milk safe to drink. Further boiling will just destroy nutrients in the milk.
7. Store immediately. Pour the milk into a closed container right away. Store in the refrigerator, or in the coldest place in your home. If you keep the milk in the refrigerator, it does not need to be boiled a second time. If storing the milk at room temperature, you may need to boil it before each use.
   • Boiling too many times will destroy nutrients. If you do not have a refrigerator, try to buy only as much milk as you can use in one sitting.

Boiling Milk in the Microwave

1. Do not rely on this method to make raw milk safe. Microwaves can only boil the milk for a brief time before the milk overflows. This will still kill some microbes, but not enough to treat raw milk or milk stored at room temperature. Heat these over the stove instead.
2. Pour milk into a clean mug. Avoid mugs with metallic paint, which are not microwave safe.
3. Place a wooden utensil in the mug. Place a wooden spoon or chopstick in the mug. Use a utensil long enough that it can't fall under the milk. This lets steam escape up the handle instead of causing a foamy explosion.
4. Microwave for 20 seconds at a time. Between each "zap," take out the milk and stir it for 5–10 seconds. This cautious method minimizes the risk of overflow.

Scalding Milk

1. Scald milk for use in recipes. Scalding, or heating to a temperature just below boiling, changes the milk's behavior in bread recipes. Some people like to scald pasteurized milk as an extra precaution against microbes, but this is not necessary if it's been stored in a refrigerator.
   • If the milk is unpasteurized or if it's been stored at room temperature, boil it instead.
2. Pour the milk into a clean pot. A thick-bottomed pot will heat the milk more evenly, reducing the chance of burning.
   • Impurities can spoil the milk, so clean the pot thoroughly.
3. Heat over medium heat. Never heat over high heat, which is much more likely to burn the milk or cause overflow.
4. Stir occasionally. Keep an eye on the milk, stirring every minute or so. A wide spatula works best, since you can scrape the base of the pot if the milk starts to stick.
5. Watch for light bubbling and steaming. The milk is "scalded" once it has a tiny layer of foam at the top of the milk. Small bubbles will appear around the edge of the pot, and the surface will just barely steam.
   • If you have an infrared thermometer, confirm that the milk has reached 82ºC (180ºF).
6. Continue heating for about fifteen seconds. Stir constantly to prevent overflow.
7. Store the leftover milk. If you have milk left over after drinking or cooking, store it in an airtight container in the refrigerator. If this is not possible, store the container in a cool room. At warm temperatures, where bacteria thrive, milk will only stay good for four hours at most.

Tips

• If you want to add spices or sugar, do so after the milk has been boiled and removed from heat.
• You can buy a metal diffuser plate to place between the stovetop and the pot. This will heat the pot more evenly, preventing burning. However, these can take much longer to heat up than a regular pot.
• You can skim off the cream from the surface when the milk is simmering. Add it to pasta sauces or curries.

Warnings

• Acidic foods can curdle the milk. This includes ginger and some other spices.
• Be sure to watch your milk while you are heating it up. Milk begins to boil a lot earlier than water does.
• Handle the hot pot with a cloth, oven mitt, or pair of kitchen tongs. Do not leave the pot unattended, especially if there are children or animals around.

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Sources and Citations

See also

• Make Flavored Milk
• Make a Blender Surprise
• Make a Vanilla Bean Milkshake
• Heat Milk
• Make a Cotton Candy Milkshake
• Make a Vanilla Milkshake
• Make a Peanut Butter Milkshake
• Make Horchata
• Make a New York Egg Cream
• Make Chocolate Milk

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