Connect a Portable Generator to a House
A portable generator can provide emergency electrical power to a home when the main power source, especially that from the national grid, goes out. It does not have to provide power to all the appliances in the home but only to essential services like lighting, TV, fridge, etc. Stoves, air conditioners and tumble driers among others use too much power to be supplied by a typical portable generator.
Contents
Steps
Wiring the System
- Determine the essential appliances in the home you cannot do without. A petrol-driven generator with a rated power of about 3500W will serve for lighting, TV, fans and a fridge or freezer. The rated power is usually written on the body of the generator and it is that power the generator can deliver continuously for an average of 12 hours on a single tank of fuel.
- List the appliances and electrical devices you plan to use, then look at their wattage or power requirement. A typical microwave, for instance, uses 1500 watts, while a whole circuit of lights with CFC bulbs may only require 150 watts. Refrigerators use about 1200 - 1500 watts, but have a starting capacitor which increases the wattage momentarily when the compressor starts. Televisions use less the 1000 watts, depending on the type and size, a small room fan may use about 500 watts, and so on.
- Choose a wiring system. There are several different wiring systems that can be used to connect a generator to a home. The main two are discussed here. Contact your local Department of Labor and Industries, Planning Department, or Power Company to find out what is legal in your area. Do not consult the internet to find out which system is legal in your area. There are many people that are unqualified to offer advice doing just that, and the law can vary significantly between countries, states, and even cities.
- Consider an interlock kit. These are fairly simple to install yourself and they are the cheapest option. However, they are illegal in many areas and can be very unsafe. They must be installed absolutely correctly. Safe installation also requires that you have several extra spaces in your existing breaker box or that you install a new one, which must be done professionally. It is also a strict requirement that you get a kit that is approved for your specific breaker box (should be made by the same company).
- Consider a manual transfer switch. This is a slightly more expensive piece of equipment which will require a professional install. However, it is the only guaranteed legal option and it is accordingly the safest. This will help keep you from accidentally electrocuting someone else or even yourself.
- Install an inlet box hook up. This hookup will go on the outside of your house and will have a recessed male connector (prongs that stick out, rather than holes you plug in to). It will connect to whichever panel system you installed inside your house. The installation should be performed by a professional, both to keep you safe and to make sure your system remains up to code. If you do not have this done by a professional, your insurance may be unable to cover your home, the city you live in could enforce a heavy fine, and you are very likely to hurt either yourself or someone else (in a hospital-if-you're-lucky kind of way).
- Keep your family safe! You will find a lot of advice and instructions offered on the internet that are unsafe and put you at risk for injury, electrocution, or serious house fire. Be sure to always check with your city specialists before doing anything that will put you or your family at risk. Some common Do Nots include:
- Do not connect your generator directly to your breaker box without an approved transfer switch.
- Do not connect your generator to a washing machine or dryer outlet.
- Get your setup inspected. This is especially important if you do not have experience with electrical work. You want to be sure that your family stays safe and, in the event of a fire, that your insurance company cannot dispute your claim because of "faulty wiring".
Plugging it In
- Place the generator away from your home. Place the generator as far away from your home as you can with the cable that it comes with. This is to prevent your home catching fire, should something go wrong with the generator, and to avoid the deadly carbon monoxide poisoning from the generator exhaust. This is a basic safety precaution, and should not be ignored.
- Plug in your generator to the hookup. Match the holes at the end of the generator's cord to the prongs on your hookup. Plug it in. You will likely have to then turn the plug connection to complete the connection (usually about 15 degrees).
- Plug your attachment cable in to your generator. You generator should have come with a cable to use to connect to your house. Plug it in, select which voltage you want (if you can), and do the same turn that you did with the other end and the receptacle.
- Check the engine. Check that the throttle for the engine is in the correct position and that the engine has enough oil. You may also need to preheat the engine with the glow plug, depending on where you live.
- Start the engine. Start your generator's engine according to manufacturer's instructions.
- Switch the systems. Go to your breaker. Flip off the utility main and turn on the generator main.
- Flip the breakers. Flip the breakers on the system that you installed, turning on all of the loads one by one (slowly).
- Return to utility power. In order to return to use of utility power, reverse the order of operations.
Tips
- Call your local planning department for help and advice!
Warning
- Electrical work is extremely dangerous. If you are unsure of what to do, it is best to call a professional.
