Grow Sweet William Plants

The reason the Dianthus barbatus plant is called Sweet William has been forgotten, but the poetry of the name fits the pleasant aroma and bright range of possible colors. Full-grown plants reach 12-inches (30 cm) or more in height, depending on variety. Sweet William is easy to grow and maintain, but may need to be replanted after one or two years, since they rarely survive longer. Fortunately, you can harvest the seeds from your first plant or allow it to reseed by itself, spreading years of enjoyment from a single initial plant.

Steps

Planting Sweet William

  1. Find out when your Sweet William will bloom. Due to the multiple varieties of Sweet William and the different methods of growing them, you may hear conflicting information on when your flowers will grow and how long they will last. Biennial varieties bloom in their second year, and then die. Perennial varieties are supposed to regrow flowers year after year, but Sweet William perennials usually take two years to bloom and often die before they bloom a second time.
    • Correct care of Sweet William perennials increases the chance of reseeding, as described in the section on caring for Sweet William.
  2. Acquire a growing plant if you want to see flowers within a year. If you want your Sweet William to flower reliably within a year, acquire seedlings or adult plants in fall or spring.[1] Confirm with the previous owner that the plant will bloom this year before you take it home, since some seedlings may not flower until their second year.
    • Seeds that claim to be annuals (flowering and dying within one year) may or may not live up to the promise, depending on the variety and how it reacts to your local climate.
  3. Decide when to plant. Sweet William seeds are tough enough to survive most winters, and can be planted in fall or late spring to bloom 12 to 18 months later.[1] If the plants have already started growing, or if you are concerned about a harsh winter, you may keep the plants in indoor pots, then transplant them outdoors in early spring. Once the seedlings are six to eight weeks old, they will transplant easily, with low risk of causing damage.[2]
  4. Find an area with good sunlight but cool temperature. Sweet Williams grow fastest in full sun, but are best suited for cool climates. Ideally, they should receive four to five hours of direct sunlight a day, but planting them in light shade is a wise option if you live in a hot climate.[3][4]
  5. Check your soil. Sweet William prefers loose, rich soil that is well draining. Water should drain quickly through the soil, and never pool on top of compact, hard soil. Optionally, you may churn up the existing soil and supplement it with potting soil to provide more nutrients. While you do not need to test the pH of your soil to successfully grow Sweet William, you may adjust the pH to slightly alkaline (approximately 6.75) if you already have a pH garden kit.[3]
    • Garden soil pH kits are available at garden supply stores or online. Again, this is not a mandatory tool for growing Sweet William, which are fairly adaptable when it comes to soil pH.[5]
  6. Sow your seeds. Plant Sweet William in the spring or summer. Place them on the surface and lightly cover them with 1/8 inch (0.6 cm) of soil, or dig a trench to this depth and refill after planting the seeds. Space the seeds 6 inches (15 cm) apart in ideal circumstances to reduce the chance of rot and disease transmission.[2] If you do not have room to give them this much space, you may bunch them closer together, but take special care not to over-water in this case.
    • If you are transplanting seedlings, simply transfer the soil around the roots into a hole twice as wide as the soil ball, then refill. Take care not to bury any part of the seedling's stem; the plant should be buried to the same level it was before.
  7. Water after planting. Sweet William seeds and seedlings benefit from an immediate watering after transplanting, but take care not to soak them with more water than can drain from the soil. Transplanted seedlings should be kept in moist but not soggy soil for a few days.[4] Once they are established and recover from any withering that may occur, care for them as described in the care section.

Caring for Sweet William

  1. Water lightly. Keep the soil around seedlings slightly moist to slightly dry. Once the plant is mature and no longer growing, most varieties will not require watering except during hot weather.[6] As with any plant, water more frequently if it appears withered or the soil cracks.
    • Sweet William plants can rot if exposed to too much moisture, so be careful not to over-water. The soil should never feel soggy or contain pools of water.
  2. Fertilize the plants (optional). If you wish to encourage faster growth and flowering, apply a general-purpose fertilizer to the soil once every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer, when growth or flowering is noticeable). Follow the instructions on your specific fertilizer carefully to avoid burning or damaging the plant.
  3. Treat young plants with insecticide. Spray a general purpose insecticide on young plants to discourage disease. Sweet William is susceptible to nematodes. If you see the presence of nematodes, which look like tiny, round worms, use a fungicide on the plants according to the manufacturer's instructions.
    • Note: if you are planning to eat the Sweet William flowers or feed them to a pet, do not treat with any type of pesticide.
  4. Deadhead the blooms. Sweet William plants typically bloom during late spring or early summer, and then lose their flowers to the summer heat. When the flowers of Sweet William plants have dried, gently pull them off and discard them. This will encourage new blossom growth, and prevent the plant from dropping seeds if you wish to control your garden more closely.

Multiplying Sweet William Plants

  1. Allow thriving plants to reseed on their own. If your Sweet William plants are cared for correctly, and the variety is suited to the climate, there's a good chance they will seed your garden with a new generation before dying. If you want a wide scattering of Sweet William plants in your garden, simply let the flowers mature, die, and drop seeds on their own.
    • Be aware that some flower varieties are hybrids of multiple plants, and may produce seeds that grow into plants with different appearance or characteristics than the parent plant.
  2. Harvest new seeds from the plants. In mid to late summer, after the flowers die, they will form dry, brown seed pods. Remove these once the pods are opening up at the end, about to release the seeds.[7] Shake these pods into a container to get out the black, disc-shaped seeds for planting in fall or spring.
  3. Cut off dry stems after the seeds have dropped. Once the seeds have dropped, or after you have harvested them yourself, cut the seed pods off at the stem. Usually, the Sweet William plants will have expended too much energy producing seeds to continue growing another year, but removing the pods will increase the chance of another bloom.
  4. Take cuttings from mature plants. If you are lucky enough to have a Sweet William which survives more than a year or two, it may become quite large. In autumn or early spring, before much growth has started for the season, cut off one of the larger stems from near the base using a clean knife or shears. These cuttings can be planted to form new plants, although you may need to stake them to keep them upright.
    • Newly planted cuttings take time to form roots. Keep them in a warm, moist area away from direct sunlight to prevent them drying out while this happens. A few days underneath a transparent plastic bag or container may help create the moist conditions it needs.[8]



Tips

  • Sweet William flowers are edible, although other parts of the plant can be dangerous to eat. Do not eat flowers that have been grown with pesticides, near roadways, or in publicly accessible areas.
  • Compost or mulch is not usually necessary for Sweet William, and may trap too much moisture in the soil if you over-water.

Warnings

  • Sweet William is prone to root rot. It is better to under-water than to over-water, unless you notice withering and brown spots.
  • The leaves of Sweet William plants can be toxic, especially to children or pets. Contact a poison control center or veterinarian immediately if you suspect a member of your household has eaten a Sweet William plant's leaves.

Sources and Citations

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a573
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.gardenersnet.com/flower/sweetwilliam.htm
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 http://www.thegardenhelper.com/dianthus.html
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 http://www.gardenguides.com/106-sweet-william-garden-basics-flower-annual-dianthus-barbatus.html
  5. ↑ http://www.wildflowerinformation.org/Wildflower.asp?ID=46
  6. ↑ http://www.everwilde.com/store/Dianthus-barbatus-WildFlower-Seed.html
  7. ↑ http://inbloomthisweek.com/index.php/my-flowers/246-harvesting-dianthus-seeds
  8. ↑ https://www.inkling.com/read/perennial-care-manual-plant-by-plant-guide-ondra/chapter-2/propagating-perennials

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