Quote and Cite a Poem in an Essay Using MLA Format
Navigating the MLA Handbook can be pretty overwhelming; there are so many rules that regulate the way we can quote and cite poetry in MLA format in our own writing. Improper quoting and citing can even be considered a form of plagiarism. Here is a comprehensive look at the most important things you need to know to make your English teacher happy with how you quote from and cite poetry in your papers.
Contents
Steps
Quoting from Poems in an Essay
- Whenever you quote a phrase or borrow an idea, use citations. Any time you borrow information from another source, you must indicate this in your paper, otherwise it's plagiarism. Use quotation marks ("Quote") around the words that you take verbatim (word for word) from another source with an in-text citation in parenthesis at the end (more on this in Part 2). Paraphrases (summarizing in your own words) don't require quote marks, but they still need an in-text citation at the end of the borrowed idea.
- If you don't take these steps correctly, then you aren't giving credit where it's due to the original author and your teacher may consider this plagiarism.
- Place the titles of poems in quotation marks when writing them in a sentence. Do not underline or italicize them.
- Example sentence: Robert Frost’s poem, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” discusses the idea of solitude versus living in a world of other people and obligations.
- Type short quotations of three lines or less in the text of your essay. Insert a slash with a space on each side to separate the lines of the poem. Type the lines verbatim as they appear in the poem--do not paraphrase. Capitalize the first letter of each new line of poetry.
- Here is an example of several lines of poetry from Robert Frost’s “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”:The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep. - Here is an example of how to insert several lines of poetry into an essay: In "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," Frost writes, “The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, / But I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep."
- Here is an example of several lines of poetry from Robert Frost’s “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”:The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,
- Indent quotations of four or more lines. These quotations should be indented {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} or 10 spaces from the left margin. Do not add quotation marks for a long quote. Add the line numbers inside parentheses right after the closing punctuation of the quotation. Do not put another comma after the in-text citation. Use a colon after a complete sentence that introduces a quotation to avoid a comma splice.
- Example: Robert Frost writes about solitude and man’s relationship with nature:
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village, though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow. (1-4)
- Example: Robert Frost writes about solitude and man’s relationship with nature:
- Indicate a short omission with an ellipsis (three spaced periods). Use an ellipsis when you have a long quotation that needs shortening or when you need to leave out material that is not relevant to the point you are making.
- Example: Robert Frost discusses solitude and a desire to forget obligations when he writes, “The woods are lovely...but I have promises to keep” (13-14).
- If an ellipsis covers a line break, do not worry about including a backslash inside the ellipsis, as in the above example. But if you continue on without an ellipsis, include the backslashes that indicate line breaks.
- Example: Robert Frost discusses solitude and a desire to forget obligations when he writes, "The woods are lovely...but I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep" (13-15).
- Use a full line of ellipses when you delete one or more lines of a poem. Again, delete lines that are not relevant to the point you are making. Make the line of ellipses approximately as long as the lines of poetry to keep the symmetry of the poem.
- Example: Robert Frost discusses solitude when he writes,
Whose woods these are I think I know.
………………………………………….
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow. (1-4)
- Example: Robert Frost discusses solitude when he writes,
Citing Poems in an Essay
- Create the in-text citation. Add the line numbers, if provided, in parentheses right after the closing quotation marks. Place the closing punctuation after the parentheses. You do not need to put the author’s name or the name of the poem in the parentheses if you include the author's name in your introduction to the quote (eg Robert Frost writes about...). However, if you do not include the author's name in your quote introduction (eg Some poets write about...), then you need to include it in the in-text parenthetical citation before the line numbers with only a space in between the two--no comma!
- Example: In "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," Frost writes, “The woods are lovely, dark, and deep / But I have promises to keep / And miles to go before I sleep” (13-15).
- Example: The notion of solitude appears in many notable poems including the famous lines, "The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, / But I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep" (Frost 13-15).
- Add line numbers after you quote several single words or phrases. Add a line number at the end of your sentence when you only quote one word.
- Example of one quoted word: Robert Frost uses the word “sleep” to imply fantasies about solitude and perhaps death (15).
- Example of multiple words: Robert Frost uses a variety of words and phrases such as “frozen” (7), “darkest evening” (8), and “before I sleep” (15) to imply thoughts of solitude and the desire to not return to his obligations.
- Just make sure that you include the proper line numbers, whatever the form. If you are citing a longer section of the poem, you will include more line numbers (12-32). If you cite two separate sections using an ellipsis, indicate the range of the sections with a comma separating them (11-15, 18-21).
- Cite long quotes and short quotes differently. In MLA format, any quote over three lines is considered a long quote and should be formatted and cited differently. As previously mentioned, long quotes are indented 1 inch or 10 spaces from the left margin and aren't surrounded by quotation marks. Because there are no quotation marks for a long quote, the punctuation goes at the end of the quoted material, not after the citation, whereas the punctuation appears after the in-text citation for a short quote.
- Example of citing a short quote: In "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," Frost writes, “The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, / But I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep” (13-15).
- Example of citing a long quote: Robert Frost writes about solitude and man’s relationship with nature:
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village, though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow. (1-4)
- Use short poem titles in citations when you have more than one poem by the same author. If you're using two or more poems by the same author, then just using the author's last name isn't a clear enough indication for the in-text citation for which poem you're discussing or quoting from. In this case, put the author's last name, a comma, the poem title (or a shortened version) in quotes, a space, and then the line numbers from the poem.
- Example: The notion of solitude appears in many notable poems including the famous lines, "The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, / But I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep" (Frost, "Stopping by the Woods" 13-15). This idea is mirrored in the lines "And both that morning equally lay / In leaves no step had trodden black" (Frost, "The Road Not Taken" 11-12).
Citing Poems in a Works Cited
- Cite the poem you found in a book. List: the author’s Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Poem.” Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, year. Page number range. Publication medium (Print.)
- Example: Frost, Robert. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc., 1969. 224-225. Print.
- Cite a poem you found on a website. List: the author’s Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Poem.” Name of Website. The date the poem was posted (in day-month-year order. If there is no date, put n.d.) The publication medium (Web). The date you accessed the poem on the website.
- You do not need to add the URL of the website as they change often and are generally long and confusing, and URLs are not required in MLA format.
- Example: Frost, Robert. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” The Poetry Foundation. n.d. Web. 6 January 2014.
- Cite a poem you found in an anthology. An anthology is a collection of texts; it can be a collection of poems, short stories, excerpts from novels, a combination of these things, etc. List: the author’s Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Poem.” Title of Anthology. Name of editor of the anthology. Edition of the anthology (if there is one). City of publication: Publisher, year. Page numbers of the poem. Medium (Print.)
- Example (note this is a made up anthology): Frost, Robert. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” The Little Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Marie Shier. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Some Publisher, 2010. 21-22. Print.
- Cite two or more poems by the same author. If you have two or more poems by the same author, list them alphabetically on your Works Cited page. The first entry (alphabetically) will appear normally, but the second (and any other subsequent entries by the same author) entry will have three dashes (-) instead of the author's name. This indicates that the author listed is the same as the previous entry. For example:
- Frost, Robert. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc., 1969. 224-225. Print.
- ---. “The Road Not Taken.” The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc., 1969. 227-228. Print.
Tips
- When writing about poetry in your essay, use the present tense.
- Brackets are not needed around ellipses.
