Your first year of law school will be challenging and exciting. You’ll be thrown into a section of about 40 other students with whom you'll take most classes. The material will be difficult, and you’ll constantly compare yourself to other students. To survive, you need to develop a schedule and keep up with your reading. Commit to understanding the material by briefing cases and outlining in anticipation of final exams. Because exams are important, you can prepare by taking old ones and studying the model answers.
Steps
Getting Comfortable at Law School
- Socialize on your own terms. There will be dozens of social events in the first weeks of law school. Students will organize cookouts and nights out at the local bar. You should try to meet people, but do so on your own terms. If you are shy, don’t worry. You will slowly get to meet people through your classes.
- If you’re outgoing, jump into the fray and meet as many people as you can. Also try to meet people outside your section.
- If you’re married, look if there are student groups for married students. This is a good way to meet other couples.
- Avoid comparing yourself to other students. Most 1Ls are obsessed with grades. Unfortunately, you probably won’t receive any grades until you take final exams, so you will spend your entire first semester comparing yourself to other people in your section. Avoid this temptation.
- Other students will exaggerate how much they are studying, so take everything they say with a huge grain of salt.[1]
- Don’t be impressed by students who talk all the time. They don’t always finish at the top of the class. In fact, you’ll notice many will become quiet in the second semester. Why? Because they got their fall semester grades!
- Create a schedule. The easiest way to keep up with your reading is to develop a schedule early and stick to it. In undergrad, you might have been able to sleep until noon, but in law school you’ll have to attend classes early in the morning and get all of your reading done in the evening. Develop a schedule and stick to it.
- Also schedule time to get away from law school. The worst thing you can do is to spend all of your time in the library or around law students.
- Remember to take care of your health. The stress and workload will take a toll on your health, so remember to schedule regular exercise.[2]
- Join a study group. In a study group, you can compare your notes, bounce ideas of each other, and commiserate. Study groups are also helpful for getting to know people, though this isn’t their primary purpose.
- Make sure your study group is small—usually no more than four people.[3]
- If you decide to join a study group, commit to keeping up and staying in the group throughout the entire semester. For this reason, you might want to wait a few weeks before forming your study group.[4] This will give you a chance to scope out who you think knows their material.
- Maintain your privacy. Law schools are usually small—fewer than a thousand students in total. Also, your section might have around 40 students. This environment will feel a lot like junior high.[5] Whatever you tell someone will probably get repeated.
- Buy a suit. Most days you can roll into class wearing your PJs, but you’ll be surprised by how often you need to look professional. For example, you might have to attend a lecture given by a federal or state judge. You’ll also need a suit if you participate in moot court. It’s probably best to buy one early in your 1L semester, if not before school starts.
- Make sure your suit fits you well—but isn’t too tight. Students often gain 15 pounds or more during their 1L year.[6] You don’t want the waistband to cut off your circulation by the end of the spring semester.
Understanding the Material
- Identify the courses you will take. Most law schools follow the same curriculum with classes that teach topics that will appear on the bar exam. Although you will be able to take a couple electives, most 1L courses are assigned. Here is a typical 1L curriculum:
- Contracts. You’ll learn the legal requirements for forming a contract and defenses you can raise if you break one.
- Torts. Torts are civil wrongs: trespass, assault, battery, personal injury, defamation, etc. The injured party can sue whoever injured them and get money compensation.
- Civil Procedure. This class will cover the rules for filing lawsuits in federal court.
- Criminal law. Learn what the state must prove to convict someone of murder, assault, rape, etc.
- Legal writing. You’ll learn how to write objective legal memos and persuasive appellate briefs. Legal writing is usually a small section of about 20 students.
- Property. This class covers the rules of property—how you get and pass title, as well as restrictions on property.
- Constitutional law. Learn how the meaning of the U.S. Constitution has evolved over more than 200 years.
- Learn how to brief a case. Everyone talks about “briefing” cases, which is usually helpful at the beginning of the semester. To brief a case, do the following:[7]
- Read the case several times. Legal writing is dense, particularly cases written in the 19th Century. You’ll probably read very slowly at first. Don’t skip anything as you read.
- Write a short summary of the facts. Who is the plaintiff (the person bringing the suit)? Who is the defendant? What happened? What court are they appearing in? If you’re called on in class, you may have to give a short summary of the dispute.
- Identify the issues in dispute. For example, a case might be about whether a celebrity living in California can sue someone in a California court when the defendant hasn’t stepped foot in the state.
- Identify the "rule." The rule is the applicable law that has been applied and then adjudicated by the judge that's presiding over the case.
- Write down the court’s holding. This is what the court decided. Also include some bullet points on the reasons given.
- Describe any dissenting opinion. Go back and read the majority’s opinion to see how they rebutted the dissent.
- List any questions you have.
- Keep up with your reading. You’ll probably be assigned hundreds of pages to read each night, so it is very easy to fall behind. Make it a point to stay on top of your reading. You might have been able to procrastinate in undergrad, but you can’t anymore.[8]
- Take notes in class. Most students take notes using their laptops. That way, you can easily transfer your notes to your outline.[9] You’ll want to write down what your professor thinks about the cases, because they will be grading your exam.
- Most law schools have Wi-Fi, and you’ll be tempted to surf the Internet while in class. In fact, almost everyone does at one point or another. However, if you want to focus on the class discussion, then take handwritten notes. This will force you to focus.
- If you have a disability and you need assistance taking your notes, let your school know. Most law schools have student note takers that can provide you with thorough notes from class.
- Do your best when called on in class. If you watch the movie “The Paper Chase,” then you’re familiar with the Socratic Method. This form of questioning often leaves students confused and humiliated. Not all professors use a full-on Socratic Method, but they still might use a watered-down version: they’ll have you summarize the case and then ask a series of questions meant to get you to think critically about legal issues.[10]
- For example, you might think “Nobody can tell me what to do with my body” is a good legal rule. However, your professor will probably pose a series of hypotheticals: can the state criminalize public dueling? Nudity around children? Nudity around other adults?
- The primary purpose of these questions is to get you to think about the hidden assumptions in your thinking. As a class, you can then work through these blind spots. In fact, there might not be any “right” answer.
- Another purpose of questioning is to get you comfortable thinking on your feet. If you represent clients in court, you can expect a judge to ask you sharp questions, so get comfortable early with the process of thinking aloud.
- Outline your course material. Outlining is a helpful technique for seeing how all of the material in a subject relates to each other. If you don’t know how to outline, get sample outline from 2Ls or 3Ls who took the class from the same professor.[11] Use them as guides.
- One key to outlining effectively is knowing when to start. Don’t get into a competition with other students. Some might claim to be outlining by September, which is too early. Instead, wait until you’ve covered a good portion of the syllabus.
- Always revisit your outline as the material becomes clearer. You may need to supplement or change information.
- Use commercial supplements intelligently. There’s a lot of supplemental material on the market—case briefs, commercial outlines, nutshells, etc. Don’t rely on them too heavily. They are helpful for seeing the big picture, but ultimately you need to understand what your professor thinks about the material.[12]
- These supplements can also be quite expensive. Try to get a copy from the library or a used copy on Amazon or eBay.
- If you want to use a supplement, know which ones to get. For example, many people use Chemerinsky’s supplement for Constitutional Law.[13] Ask 2Ls what supplements they found helpful.
- Stay calm. Everything might not be crystal clear when you begin. This is normal! However, you should consistently strive to understand the material as much as you can. Visit your professor during office hours to ask all of the questions that weren’t answered in class. Many classes will also have a student teaching assistant, who is a 2L or 3L who can answer your questions.
- Avoid thinking about exams until around November 1.[14] If you obsess earlier in the semester, you’ll only make yourself nervous.
Studying for Exams
- Take a couple practice exams. Practice exams are essential.[15] They will help you understand the law so that it becomes second nature. Take them as you would a real exam. Find a quiet spot in the library, time yourself, and type out your answers.[16]
- You can usually get practice exams from your professor, who might have posted them online. Use old exams from your professor first. If nothing is available, look at exams from other professors who teach the same subject at your school.
- After you take your practice exams, ask your professor to go over them with you during office hours. You can also ask them to take a look at your outlines and answer any questions you have.
- Review the sample answers. The practice exam should have a sample answer. Read this carefully, because you will learn a lot about how to spot issues and structure your answers.[17]
- Sit for your exam. Exams are generally “issue spotter” exams. You’ll be given a fact pattern, which is like a very short story. Then you’ll be told to identify all of the legal claims and defenses each person in the fact pattern has. You’ll write up a memo identifying the issues and explaining whether you think the person has a reasonable chance of success. When taking an exam, remember the following tips:
- Read your professor’s instructions. Don’t skip this step! Your professor might want you to focus on certain issues or keep the exam under a certain word limit. If you fail to follow the directions, your grades will suffer.
- Check whether you can use an outline. If not, don’t pull it out during the exam or else the monitor will eject you from the exam room.
- Read the fact pattern thoroughly. Don’t immediately plunge into typing up your answer.
- Outline your answer. Many people use the IRAC method: identify the issue, state the rule, apply the facts to the rule, and then state a conclusion.
- Don’t dump everything you know onto the page. You won’t get credit. For example, don’t start rambling about an insanity defense if that’s not supported by the fact pattern. Instead, identify the key issues first and develop them the most.
- Avoid discussing the exam with others. There’s really no reason to talk about the exam once you finish. Chances are, you missed an issue someone else caught, which will only increase your anxiety.[18] Instead of commiserating about the exam, schedule some fun time immediately after.
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