Cite Sources in Chicago Manual of Style Format

If you need to use the Chicago Manual of Style guidelines to cite sources, there are two formats you can use. The author-date format is often used in the physical, natural, and social sciences, while the note-bibliography format is more common in the humanities (literature, history, and the arts).

Steps

Citing Author-Date Style (for Sciences)

1. Cite a book.
   • Zimmer, Gary. 1999. The biological farmer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   • Beckham, Todd, ed. 1951. The soccer chronicles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2. Cite a chapter in a book.
   • Lowell, Frederick. 2006. "Why I Tried: The Mentality Behind a Crime." In The criminal mind, ed. Frank Alden, 101–2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3. Cite an electronic book.
   • Kamp, John C. and Alison Norris, eds. 1987. The lawn mowing guide San Diego: Green Press. http://greenpress.com/lawnmowing/.
4. Cite a journal article (print).
   • Fargo, Peter Paul. 2007. The facts of life. Philosophy 126:450-22.
5. Cite a journal article (online).
   • Hennessy, Thomas W., Craig W. Hedberg, Laurence Slutsker, Karen E. White, John M. Besser-Wiek, Michael E. Moen, John Feldman, William W. Coleman, Larry M. Edmonson, Kristine L. MacDonald, and Michael T. Osterholm. 2002. A national outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infections from ice cream. The New England Journal of Medicine 287, no. 5 (February 6), http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/334/20/1281.
6. Cite a magazine article.
   • Doe, Jane. 2002. What it feels like to be the real Jane Doe." Reality, May 6.
7. Cite a newspaper article.
   • Lachmund, Miles S. 2002. German chef recreates childhood soup for neighbors. New York Times, June 20, Food section, Midwest edition.
8. Cite a website.
   • Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees. Evanston Public Library strategic plan, 2000–2010: A decade of outreach. Evanston Public Library. http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html.

Citing Bibliography Style (for Humanities)

1. Cite a book.
   • Zimmer, Gary. The Biological Farmer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.
   • Beckham, Todd, ed. The Soccer Chronicles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.
2. Cite a chapter in a book.
   • Lowell, Frederick. "Why I Tried: The Mentality Behind a Crime." In The Criminal Mind, edited by Frank Alden, 101–2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
3. Cite an electronic book.
   • Kamp, John C. and Alison Norris, eds. The Lawn mowing Guide San Diego: Green Press, 1987. http://greenpress.com/lawnmowing/. Also available in print form and as a CD-ROM.
4. Cite a journal article (print).
   • Fargo, Peter Paul. "The Facts of Life." Philosophy 126 (2007):450-22.
5. Cite a journal article (online).
   • Hennessy, Thomas W., Craig W. Hedberg, Laurence Slutsker, Karen E. White, John M. Besser-Wiek, Michael E. Moen, John Feldman, William W. Coleman, Larry M. Edmonson, Kristine L. MacDonald, and Michael T. Osterholm. "A National Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis Infections from Ice Cream." The New England Journal of Medicine 287, no. 5 (February 6, 2002), http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/334/20/1281.
6. Cite a magazine article.
   • Doe, Jane. "What it Feels Like to be the Real Jane Doe." Reality, May 6, 2002.
7. Cite a newspaper article.
   • Lachmund, Miles S. "German Chef Recreates Childhood Soup for Neighbors," New York Times, June 20, 2002, Food section, Midwest edition.
8. Cite a website.
   • Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees. “Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000–2010: A Decade of Outreach.” Evanston Public Library. http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html (accessed June 1, 2005).

Writing Footnotes

1. Write footnotes for a book.
   • 1. Gary Zimmer, The Biological Farmer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 65.
   • 3. Todd Beckham, ed., The Soccer Chronicles (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91–92.
2. Write footnotes for a chapter in a book.
   • 5. Frederick Lowell, "Why I Tried: The Mentality Behind a Crime," in The Criminal Mind, ed. Frank Alden (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 101–2.
3. Write footnotes for an electronic book.
   • 2. John C. Kamp and Alison Norris, eds., The Lawnmowing Guide (San Diego: Green Press, 1987), http://greenpress.com/lawnmowing/ (accessed June 27, 2006).
4. Write footnotes for a journal article (print).
   • 8. Peter Paul Fargo, "The Facts of Life," Philosophy 126 (2007): 450.
5. Write footnotes for a journal article (online).
   • 33. Thomas W. Hennessy et al., "A National Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis Infections from Ice Cream," The New England Journal of Medicine 287, no. 5 (2002), http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/334/20/1281.
6. Write footnotes for a magazine article.
   • 29. Jane Doe, "What it Feels Like to be the Real Jane Doe," Reality, May 6, 2002, 84.
7. Write footnotes for a newspaper article.
   • {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}} S. Lachmund, "German Chef Recreates Childhood Soup for Neighbors," New York Times, June 20, 2002, Food section, Midwest edition.
8. Write footnotes for a website.
   • 11. Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees, “Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000–2010: A Decade of Outreach,” Evanston Public Library, http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html.

Placing Citations In-Text

1. Place a reference next to each statement that you've cited. You do not want to forget to include a citation, as this could constitute plagiarism. Being accused of plagiarism, especially in a university or college setting, can get you a bad grade or even expelled.
2. Place citations Author-date style. Write author last name and publication year in parentheses. If it is a direct quotation, add the page number after a comma. If the author is already mentioned in the statement, just put the year and page number in parentheses. If there are two authors, name them both with "and" in the middle. Use commas if there are more than two authors. Place the citation before a punctuation mark.
   • E.g. Leaving the ground in sod increases the organic matter of the soil by 15% in 10 years (Alison 1993).
3. Place citations Notes-bibliography format. Add a superscript number at the end of the statement to denote which source it is referring to. Even if you refer to the same source multiple times, it gets a new superscript number every time. Start the superscript numbers from 1 every time you start a new page. You will need to list the source as footnote at the bottom of the page, as well as in the bibliography at the end of the paper.
   • E.g. Leaving the ground in sod increases the organic matter of the soil by 15% in 10 years.¹

Tips

• If there are multiple authors, list any authors' names after the first in normal order (first name, last name).

Related Articles

• Cite Primary Sources

Sources and Citations

• http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html

See also

• Reference in Numeric Style
• Write a Works Cited Page
• Quote a Quote
• Cite Sources in MLA Format
• Avoid Plagiarism
• Cite an Essay
• Quote and Cite a Poem in an Essay Using MLA Format
• Cite a Wikipedia Article in MLA Format
• Cite a YouTube Video in MLA
• Cite a Web Site in APA With No Author, Date, or Page Number

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