Inspect and Repair an Automobile Front End Assembly

The request is rather general in nature, as it does not specify whether the concern is for an alignment issue, a vibration issue, a sound concern or even overhaul for restoration. It also does not specify whether the vehicle is a standard, rack and pinion, or MacPherson strut-type or not. But for general inspection, see below.

Steps

  1. Place the vehicle on a hoist. A center-post lift is best for suspension inspections. If a hoist is unavailable, then using a pair of heavy-duty jack stands will be suitable.
  2. Lift the vehicle, so that the front wheels are off the ground a minimum of one inch. Secure the vehicle in place with the jack stands according to the owner's manual, and use wheel chocks to ensure the vehicle cannot roll.
  3. Slowly rotate the front tire, looking at the tread wear. If the tread is worn on the insides or outsides only, the possibility is the either a toe setting, or camber setting may be responsible. Repeat this for the other side. Make note of your findings.
  4. Place your hands on the tire at the 3-and-9 o'clock positions of the tire and try to shake it firmly back and forth. Be careful not to use so much force you pull or push the vehicle off the jack stands. If you feel excessive play, the pitman arm (if equipped) or tie rod ends could be loose/worn out. It could also signal a simple loose/worn wheel bearing. Repeat this for the other front wheel.
  5. Grasp the tire at the 6-and-12 o'clock positions, and repeat step #4. Excessive play could indicate a ball-joint issue, or control arm bushing wear.
  6. If able, grasp and tug in each suspension component, feeling for any looseness or excessive play. Any joint/pivot point that has play or a clicking sound needs to be fully inspected and probably replaced.
  7. Repair of the affected component will require consultation with your vehicles shop manual. There are too many different components to try to list here.
  8. Make sure all replaced components are properly greased/lubricated. Failure to do this will result in premature wear, and you will most likely have to go through this again!

Tips

  • A carpenter's level will help identify if the vehicle camber is correct, and if you set the wheels straight ahead and measure the distance between the front of the tire centerline, and the rear of the tire centerline, it will help you verify the adjustment of the toe setting.
  • The front suspension is a critical system of your vehicle. Servicing it is very difficult, and time consuming. If in doubt, have your vehicle serviced by a professional service facility, such as a local mechanic or your car's dealership!

Warnings

  • Use extreme caution when working on or under a lifted vehicle. Improper procedures when working on your vehicle can result in serious injury. Use eye-protection!

Things You'll Need

  • A full basic mechanic's tool set, including impact sockets, ratchets, and other hand tools.
  • A supply of the proper cotter pins
  • Bearing separator, Pitman-arm puller, dead-blow hammer
  • Floor jack and jack stands rated at 150% your vehicle's weight or more.

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