Sauté

To sauté a dish means to cook it in a small amount of fat over high heat, making sure that the food doesn't stick to the pan by making it "jump" in and out of the heat. The term comes originally from the French word for jump, "sauter." Sautéing is ideal for browning or searing food, especially vegetables. This article provides easy steps on how to sauté.

Steps

Sautéing Basics

  1. Chop the ingredients uniformly. Chop your ingredients into manageable, bite-size pieces. Cutting them up makes them easier to eat and to handle, and it also helps them cook faster and more evenly.
    • Different foods will need to be cut differently in order to get the best taste. Carrots, for example, are very fibrous, so you'd do well to julienne them before sautéing. Greens like spinach, on the other hand, will wilt very quickly and therefore won't need to be cut.
    • Try to cut the ingredients at an equal size. Ingredients chopped down to the same size will cook evenly. Ingredients that are chopped at wildly different sizes will cook unevenly, producing some food that is over- or undercooked. It sounds simple, but it's incredibly important.
  2. Heat the pan over medium to medium-high heat for one minute. Because you're sautéing, you want you pan to get hot before putting anything in it. This is important for several reasons:
    • A colder pan has hot spots.[1] Hot spots are places on the pan where it is inordinately hotter than elsewhere. This can cause uneven cooking, leaving you with some ingredients that are overcooked and others than are undercooked. As you continue to heat the pan, the heat distributes itself evenly over the entire pan, producing a better final product.
    • Cold proteins on cold pans will dry out the proteins before they even begin to cook. Put a cold piece of chicken on a cold pan and your chicken will likely be much drier than had you started with the pan piping hot. Needless to say, dry food isn't ideal.
  3. Add your fat. The amount will vary by recipe, and the type of fat you want to choose will affect the final dish being served. Here's a quick primer on whether to choose butter or oil as your fat:
    • Butter has a smoking point of {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}, while most oils have a higher smoking point (375-450 °F). This means that butter burns easier than oils. If you're worried about burning your fat while you cook, opt for oils. On the other hand, butter leaves a better "fond" (brown crust) and richer taste; if you're cooking over less heat, opt for butter.
    • One way to solve the flashpoint dilemma of butter is to use clarified butter or ghee. Clarified butter is simply butter with the milk solids removed. Because the milk solids are what end up burning, removing them from the butter should allow you to cook it at higher temperatures.[2]
    • One caution using olive oil. While many chefs prefer the taste of olive oil over other oils, it actually has a lower smoking point than other oils.[3] For this reason, it may be beneficial to cook with a neutral oil like avocado oil (smoke point 480 ºF) and then add olive oil at the very end for taste.
  4. Add your food, making sure your pan is big enough to hold all of it easily. Remember: you need space to move the food around in the pan. You could use a skillet or sauté pan but a standard frying pan will do the job nicely too.
    • Remember to start sautéing the food that takes the longest to cook first. Try to stagger the introduction of the ingredients into the pan so that the first ingredients to hit the pan are the ones that take the longest to cook.
  5. Stir regularly or shake the pan so the food doesn't stick. If the ingredients or the fat starts smoking, simply remove the pan from the burner or element for a short spell and consider turning down the temperature.
  6. Test if the food is done. It should take around 5 to 7 minutes to sauté most firm vegetables, but you can test a piece by sampling it. While the color of the ingredients is incredibly important, the taste is the real factor in determining whether an ingredient is cooked. Most vegetables sautéd should be cooked al dente, which means just undercooked (as the ingredients will continue cooking even off the heat).
    • Most recipes will give you cooking times for how long you should cook the ingredients. It's important to remember to only use these cooking times as rough guidelines instead of as strict edicts. Your pan, burner, the cut of the ingredients, and even your level of expertise will affect that cooking time. Try to think of cooking times as suggestions instead of as mandates.
    • Sample your food obsessively. In case you've never stepped foot into a professional kitchen, you might be surprised to know that chefs taste everything they cook. ("Never trust a skinny chef.") They do this to make sure that the food is cooking properly. Only taste will help you determine whether something is truly done.
  7. Drain the oil. Remove pan from heat and pour ingredients onto a clean kitchen towel or paper towel to remove excess oil.
    • Alternatively, leave the food in the pan and add any ingredients that will form sauce for the dish.
  8. Season Food appropriately and serve.

Advanced Techniques

  1. Know the difference between sautéing and other frying methods. As we've just learned, "sautéing" is a pretty specific term. It's distinct from other cooking techniques, such as:
    • Pan-frying. Pan-frying doesn't involve tossing or stirring like sautéing would. (You pan-fry salmon, but you sauté collard greens.) Plus, pan-frying uses a little bit more fat at slightly lower temperatures than sautéing does.[4]
    • Stir-frying. Stir-frying is essentially the same as sautéing, except for two points. Stir-fry is usually cooked in a wok or wok-like pan, and in stir-fry, the sauce is made in the wok with the ingredients still in the pan, whereas in sautéing, the ingredients are taken out before the sauce is made.
    • Sweat Aromatic Vegetables. Sweating is the process of cooking vegetables, such as onions, for a short while over low heat. The goal is to get the ingredients translucent and limp, not browned and crunchy.
  2. Resist the urge to press down on your meats and veggies. If you pan is hot enough and it contains enough fat, you don't need to press down on meats or veggies that you're sautéing in order to get them brown. This simply robs them of moisture. Treat your ingredients a little more delicately and they'll taste better in the end. We promise!
  3. Choose a big-enough pan when sautéing. A pan that is overly crowded with ingredients while sautéing will make your cooking time longer and produce uneven results. An 8- or 10-inch pan is probably perfectly acceptable for a dish for two, but a 12-inch pan might be needed for a meal with larger portions.[5] Don't overcrowd!
    • Non-stick pans are good for some types of cooking, but they don't always produce the best results for sautéing in particular. That's because they don't promote as much browning as steel pans.[6] Consider using a non-stick pan for sautéing greens like as spinach and broccoli while using a steel pan for anything else.
  4. Dry your food before sautéing. Even if you've prepared a marinade, try to dry your ingredients off before sautéing. Any moisture still attached to food during the cooking process will cause them to steam instead of sauté. Pat down with a paper towel, if necessary.
  5. Get a good digital thermometer to read the doneness of meats. A digital thermometer will be able to tell you when your meat is finished cooking, eliminating the guesswork from the equation. It's a heck of a lot easy than the finger test for checking doneness.
    • Red meat is fully cooked at {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}. Medium is measured at {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}, while rare is measured at {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}.[7] Red meat can safely be cooked at varying degrees of doneness, based on the preference of the diner.
    • Poultry is fully cooked at {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}. Poultry should always be fully cooked.
    • Pork is fully cooked at {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}. Pork should always be fully cooked.
    • Seafood is generally fully cooked at {{safesubst:#invoke:convert|convert}}.[8] Seafood is often eaten rare, medium rare or slightly rare without incident. (Most seafood is flash frozen to kill off any parasites immediately after being caught.)



Tips

  • Cut all items being sautéed to about the same size to ensure even cooking.
  • Different fats have different smoke points (the temperature at which the oil begins to burn). Vegetable and canola oils have high smoke points and therefore can tolerate high heat. Olive and sesame oils as well as butter have low smoke points and can burn more quickly.
  • If you wish to add herbs and spices during the sautéing, add these towards the end to prevent them from burning on to the vegetables.
  • Many vegetables are suitable for sautéing; experiment on times but generally softer vegetables will need less time and harder vegetables will need more time. To sauté different vegetables together, start with those that will need longer cooking times, and add those that have shorter cooking times toward the end.
  • Be careful don't get too much water from the vegetables.
  • Not all sautéing requires this much oil, but don't use too little or the food will burn and stick to the pan.

Warnings

  • Never attempt to put out a grease fire by throwing water on it.
  • Always take care when using hot oil; precautions include keeping children and pets well out of the way, handling pans with oven mitts, avoiding splattering oil and never taking an eye off the cooking process in case a fire starts.
  • Never pour water into hot oil. It will spatter.
  • Always keep the frying pan handle facing into the stove to avoid knocking it onto the floor or onto yourself. It also prevents curious small hands from pulling it down on top of themselves.

Things You'll Need

  • 1 Chopping board
  • 1 Sharp knife
  • 1 Spatula
  • 1 Frying pan
  • Kitchen towel

Related Articles

Sources and Citations

  • VideoJug A video of sautéing. Original source of article. Shared with permission and appreciation.
  1. ↑ http://www.reluctantgourmet.com/cooking-techniques/saute/item/43-how-to-saute
  2. ↑ http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/293115
  3. ↑ http://www.oliveoilsource.com/page/heating-olive-oil
  4. ↑ http://reluctantgourmet.com/cooking-techniques/frying/item/856-saute-pan-fry-and-stir-fry
  5. ↑ http://liferaydemo.unl.edu/web/fnh/sauteing-tips
  6. ↑ http://www.cookinglight.com/cooking-101/techniques/10-sauteing-tips-00400000031251/
  7. ↑ http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes-and-cooking/meat-and-poultry-temperature-guide/index.html
  8. ↑ http://whatscookingamerica.net/Information/MeatTemperatureChart.htm
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