Test for a Faulty Fuel Pump on a Saturn S Series

Not getting fuel to the engine? Hypothesizing problems with the fuel pump? Test your theory.

Steps

Listen for the fuel pump to run. Turn the key to "on" without starting the care and listen for a "whirring" noise to occur. It should last for about two seconds and should be coming from the rear of the vehicle as the pump is in the gas tank.
Listen for the relay to switch. The relay is in the inner passenger side fuse box. Turn the key to "on" without starting the care and listen for a click coming from the relay.
If the relay is not "clicking," try swapping it for the relay that controls the horn (if the horn is working).
Test for voltage to the pump. Peel back the carpeting in the trunk on the driver side paneling behind the wheel well. There is a connector there with three wires: green, black, and grey. Use a multi-meter to probe the hot grey wire and touch a ground. Turn the car to "on" and you should see 12V for 2 seconds.
Test the ground on the pump. Test for continuity between the ground contact on the fuel module and another ground (bare metal) on the car.
If you have voltage to the pump and the ground is good, then you may have a faulty fuel pump. You may also have a dirty and blocked fuel filter.

To access the fuel pump, the fuel tank must be dropped and removed.
You can try to temporarily get the pump to work by lightly banging on the gas tank.
The fuel pump will only run for 2 seconds if the engine is off.

Always use caution when dealing with electricity. Especially near flammable materials such as gasoline.